The PPACA of 2010

PPACA of 2010 brought many changes to the types of provider organizations available. ACOs and PCMHs are two new organizations formed under PPACA. Using the readings this week, discuss the origin, structure, and purpose of the new organizations formed under PPACA.

Using South University Online Library (for example, CINAHL) or the Internet, search any three articles from the list below and evaluate the challenges and opportunities facing payers and providers as ACOs and PCMHs are implemented:

• The patient-center medical home and managed care: Times have changed, some components have not (Baird, 2011).
• Patient-centered medical homes: Will health care reform provide new options for rural communities and providers? (Bolin, Gamm, Vest, Edwardson, & Miller, 2011)
• Accountable Care Organizations: The case for flexible partnerships between health plans and providers (Goldsmith, 2011).
• Payment reform for primary care within the accountable care organization a critical issue for health system reform (Goroll & Schoenbaum, 2012).
• Accountable care organizations, the patient-centered medical home, and health care reform: What does it all mean? (Longworth, 2011)
• Implementing accountable care organizations: Ten potential mistakes and how to learn from them (Singer & Shortell, 2011).

Based on your research, summarize your findings on the selected topics and compile your observations in a 5- to 6-page Microsoft Word document.

Support your responses with examples.

Cite any sources in APA format.

References:

Baird, M. A. (2011). The patient-center medical home and managed care: Times
           have changed, some components have not. The Journal of the American
           Board of Family Medicine, 24(6), 630–632.

Bolin, J. N., Gamm, L., Vest, J. R., Edwardson, N., & Miller, T. R. (2011).
           Patient-centered medical homes: Will health care reform provide new
           options for rural communities and providers? Family & Community
           Health, 34(2), 93–101.

Goldsmith, J. (2011). Accountable Care Organizations: The case for flexible
           partnerships between health plans and providers. Health Affairs,
           30(1), 32–40.

Goroll, A. H., & Schoenbaum, S. C. (2012). Payment reform for primary care
           within the accountable care organization a critical issue for health system
           reform. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association,
           308(6), 577–578.

Longworth, D. L. (2011). Accountable care organizations, the patient-centered
           medical home, and health care reform: What does it all mean?
           Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 78(9), 571–582.

Singer, S., & Shortell, S. M. (2011). Implementing accountable care
           organizations: Ten potential mistakes and how to learn from them. JAMA:
           The Journal of the American Medical Association, 306(7), 758.

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Alcohol and Related Conditions

This week’s readings have covered various topics in historical perspectives. As addiction professionals, it is going to be important for you to stay current in the research and best practices of this industry. The National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) is the first survey that uses the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV) definitions of independent mood and anxiety disorders to examine comorbidity or co-occurrence of mental health disorders. The NESARC results show that substantial comorbidity between substance use disorders and independent mood and anxiety disorders is pervasive in the general population of the United States.

An estimated 17.6 million American adults (8.5 percent) meet the standard diagnostic criteria for an alcohol use disorder and approximately 4.2 million (2 percent) meet the criteria for a drug use disorder (Grant & Dawson, 2006).

“This study does not resolve questions about causal mechanisms that may underlie relationships between DSM-IV substance use and mood and anxiety disorders,” opines Bridget F. Grant, Ph.D., Chief of the Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biometry, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research. Analyses of data from NESARC’s “second wave” in 2004–2005 will help form the foundation for future etiologic research (Grant & Dawson, 2006).

Using the South University Online Library or the Internet, research further on information by NESARC on alcohol and related conditions. Based on your research and the above information, create a 4- to 5-page Microsoft Word document that includes the answers to the following questions:

• According to the NESARC, how prevalent are mood, anxiety, and personality disorders among alcohol- and drug-dependent persons?                 
• Compared to nondependent persons, how likely is it for nicotine-alcohol-dependent persons to havea mental disorder?
• What other disorders might you see coexisting together? Why? How are these disorders related?
• Why is it that people with dual disorders are at high risk for chronic relapse, emergency hospitalizations, vocational problems, family problems, homelessness, suicide, violence, sexual and physical victimization, incarceration, and early death?
• Do you agree with National Institutes of Health’s (NIH’s) observation that the adults with nicotine dependence or psychiatric disorders consume 70% of all cigarettes smoked in the United States? Why or why not?

Support your responses with examples.

Cite any sources in APA format.

Reference:

Grant, B. F., & Dawson, D. A. (2006). Introduction to the national epidemiologic
           survey on alcohol and related conditions. Alcohol Research & Health,
           29 (2), 74–78.