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ASCI 309 Aerodynamics:  Extra Credit

 

All questions have equal weight

 

Show ALL work for partial credit consideration

 

Include UNITS

 

Enter answers and show work in space provided

Show any additional work in the extra space provided

 

 

 

 

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An (almost) real-world application of what we’ve been discussing in

ASCI 309, “Aerodynamics”………

 

Eagle Airlines Flight 007 departs from the Anytown USA International

Airport (KAOK) and is scheduled to arrive at the Vacationland Regional Airport (KFUN).  It is a routine flight that occurs twice daily.  Today’s flight is the last of the day and is very full – with almost every seat occupied and with a significant amount of cargo.  

 

The weather forecast predicts calm winds throughout the intended flight path; however, there is a significant chance of a winter storm forming at the destination that could include icing.  

 

Proper flight planning prescribes that an alternate airport be identified in the event that the flight must be diverted.  The selected alternate airport is the Grumpyville Cargo Hub (KBAD), an airport with a very long runway that is located on the opposite side of the Great Sugar Mountain from Vacationland.  The facilities there are poor and the passengers must endure a bumpy bus ride from there over the mountain to Vacationland (hence the name, Grumpyville).  

 

Diverting to the alternate airport, however, increases the overall cost significantly.  It also will result in extremely poor customer satisfaction.

 

Eagle Airlines is committed to the safety of passengers, crew and cargo and is very proud of their perfect safety record.   

For this exercise you are asked to estimate the takeoff, cruising, and landing performance for Eagle Airlines Flight 007.

             

 

PART 1:  Takeoff

Given:   Aircraft Information
Empty weight			110,000	pounds
Fuel loaded			40,000	pounds
Cargo & passengers			60,000	pounds
Max takeoff Weight			215,000	pounds
CL @ takeoff configuration			2.05
Clmax @ takeoff configuration			2.32
Wing Area			1250	sq ft
Total thrust at sea-level			52,500	pounds
Average drag at sea-level			2,000	pounds
Average friction at sea-level			750	pounds
BGS Units for Gravitational Accel			32.2	ft/s2
Conversion:  Knots to ft/s			1.69	ft/s/K
Limit Load Factor – Positive			2.5	G
Limit Load Factor – Negative			-1	G

 

Assume sea-level, standard day atmospheric conditions

             

PART 1:  Takeoff

 

 

Find the following:

                                           

 

Does the (loaded) aircraft weight exceed the maximum takeoff weight? (Circle)   

 

 

                                      YES                            NO

 

 

 

        Speed at takeoff                                                                          

 

 

 

 

 

 

        Stall speed at takeoff                    sqrroot(2*210000*9.81/1.225*1250*2.32)

                                                   34.05 KTS                           

                                           

                                           

                                           

                                                       

                                           

                                           

        Average Acceleration                                                                 

                                           

 

 

 

 

       Runway used                                                                              

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

        Time for takeoff                                                                           

 

 

             

 

PART 2:  Cruise

 

Given:

 

Aircraft Information             

             

Cruising Altitude	30,000	ft
Baro-Altimeter Setting	29.57	in Hg
Outside Temperature at Altitude             Aircraft Performance Figure 1 (attached) Atmosphere per Table 2.1 (attached)   Assume cruise at best endurance speed.	-12	F
Total weight of aircraft	210,000	pounds
Limit Load Factor – Positive	2.5	G
Limit Load Factor – Negative	-1	G
Cl @ cruise configuration	1.77
Clmax @ cruise configuration	1.99
Wing Area	1250	sq ft
BGS Units for Gravitational Accel	32.2	ft/s2
Conversion:  Knots to ft/s	1.69	ft/s/K

       

             

PART 2:  Cruise

 

 

Find the following:

 

       

              Pressure Altitude                                                                                          

 

 

 

 

 

              Pressure Ratio                                                                                              

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

       

              Temperature Ratio                                                                                        

 

 

 

       

 

                Density Ratio                                                                                                

 

 

 

 

 

 

      Stall speed at cruise                                                                                     PART 2:  Cruise

 

Find the following:

             

 

        Maneuvering Speed                                                                                           

       

 

 

                   

       Maximum Endurance Velocity                                                                          

                   

 

 

 

       Maximum Specific Range Velocity                                                                  

 

 

 

        Fuel Flow                                                                                                             

                               

 

       

        True Airspeed at Cruise                                                                                     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

        Max Specific Range                                                                                    

 

 

 

 

       

PART 3:  Landing

Given:   Aircraft Information
Empty weight		110,000	pounds
Fuel remaining		12,500	pounds
Cargo, passengers & crew		60,000	pounds
Max landing Weight		205,000	pounds
Clmax @ landing configuration		2.32
Wing Area		1250	sq ft
Approach speed factor		1.2
Total thrust at idle		7,000	pounds
Average drag		1,500	pounds
% of weight on Main Gear		80%
% of weight on Nose Gear        Total braking friction		20%
Wet Runway, braking Friction coeff		0.32
BGS Units for Gravitational Accel		32.2	ft/s2
Conversion:  Knots to ft/s		1.69	ft/s/K

       

 

Assume sea-level, standard day atmospheric conditions

 

             

PART 3:  Landing

 

Find the following:

                   

Does the (loaded) aircraft weight exceed the maximum landing weight? (Circle)   

 

 

                                      YES                            NO

 

 

        Stall speed at landing                                                                                        

 

 

 

 

 

        Approach speed                                                                                                  

 

 

       

       

       Main wheel friction                                                                                             

 

 

 

                                                       

        Nose wheel friction                                                                                             

 

 

 

 

 

        Average Acceleration                                                                                         

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

       

       Runway used                                                                                                       

 

 

 

 

PART 4:  WEATHER EMERGENCY

 

Shortly before reaching its destination the aircraft enters some very poor weather.  At that point in the flight a significant amount of structural ice begins to accumulate.  It is highly desirable to continue to land at the intended destination, however, safety concerns may require that the flight be diverted to the alternate airport.  

 

 

Given:

 

Aircraft Information                         

Empty weight	110,000	pounds
Fuel remaining	12,500	pounds
Cargo, passengers & crew	60,000	pounds
Weight of accumulated ice	20,000	pounds
Max landing Weight	205,000	pounds
Clmax @ landing configuration w Ice	1.74
Wing Area	1250	sq ft
Approach speed factor	1.2
Total thrust at idle	7,000	pounds
Average drag	1,500	pounds
% of weight on Main Gear	80%
% of weight on Nose Gear	20%
Icy Runway, braking Friction coeff	0.19
BGS Units for Gravitational Accel	32.2	ft/s2
Conversion:  Knots to ft/s	1.69	ft/s/K

       

 

Assume sea-level, standard day atmospheric conditions

             

 

PART 4:  WEATHER EMERGENCY

 

Find the following:

 

Does the (loaded and iced) aircraft weight exceed the maximum landing weight?

(Circle)   

 

                                      YES                            NO

 

                                                       

        Stall speed at landing                                                                                        

 

 

 

 

 

       

        Approach speed                                                                                                  

                   

                                                       

                   

                                                       

       Main wheel friction                                                                                             

 

 

 

                   

        Nose wheel friction                                                                                             

 

 

                                     

                                                       

                                                       

        Average Acceleration                                                                                         

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                                                   

Runway used                                                                                                                  PART 4:  EMERGENCY

 

Find the following:

 

 

       Vacationland (KFUN) Runway Length                                               8200 feet

 

       Grumpytown Regional (KBAD) Runway Length                              11500  feet

 

                                                       

        Which Airport must be used?? (Circle)           Support your answer                                   

 

 

                                Vacationland (KFUN)                                Grumpytown (KBAD)

 

 

        Why did you choose that airport?                    

 

 

                                                                         

 

 

If the airplane must make a turn in the iced condition what is the maximum angle of bank that can be sustained without stall?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Using figure 14.10, the angle of bank from above, and the iced-aircraft approach speed what rate of turn and radius of turn can be expected?

 

             

Extra Space for additional work   – – –   Indicate Problem Number  

             

Extra Space for additional work   – – –   Indicate Problem Number  

             

 

 

Dole, C.C and Lewis, J.E, Flight Theory and Aerodynamics, 2^nd Ed, Wiley, 2000