Introduction: The Need for Cost Accounting and Allocation A product or a service cannot be provided without costs going into its creation. The ability to transform a raw material into the final product, whatever the final product may manifest, is unavoidably connected with a cost. Often costs are incurred in a manner that is not even directly related to the making of the final product […]

In the contemporary  word,  the  structure  of  organizations  is  affected  by  various  factors. Firstly, it  is  affected  by  the  strategy  which  the  organization  employs  in  under  taking  its  operations. Strategy  by  definition   refers  to  the   means  or  vehicle  that   is  used  towards  achievement  of  the  set  objectives  of  the  organization. Ideally, strategies are designed from the   objectives. Strategy determines the kind of   structure   which an […]

Introduction of Organisation PTML is a subsidiary of PTCL (Pakistan Telecom Company Limited), the largest operator in Pakistan. PTML was established to operate cellular telephony. The company commenced its operations, under the brand name of Ufone from Islamabad on January 29 2001. Since Etisalat took over PTCL in 2006, during the year as a consequence of PTCL’s privatization, 26% of its shares were acquired by Emirates Telecommunication […]

American Red Cross is a non-profit organization that is characterized by the spirit of volunteerism. With its national headquarters established in Washington, DC, it is able to have a wider reach in terms of the services it renders to the national and international scene. This particular organization is chosen for review and assessment as it is considered as among the most visible, reputable, and strong […]

International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) deals with computer technology, offering both products and consulting services. It offers a range of hardware and software products. It also offers infrastructure services. IBM is a high performance organization and this is very evident from its operation and performance. IBM is a multinational corporation with its headquarters at Armonk, New York but spreading to all parts of the world. […]

Importance of Organization Development Organizational Development (OD) comprises the long-range effort to improve an organization’s ability to cope with change and its problem-solving and renewal processes through effective and collaborative management of organization culture. Organizational change develops the potential of individual members and achieves corporate excellence by integrating the desires of individuals with organizational goals. (Brown ; Harvey, 2006)Furthermore, organizational change stresses learning as a […]

Every organization, to be effective, must have a structure. An organization structure is the setup that determines the hierarchy and reporting structure in an organization. It is often represented by a drawing known as an organizational chart. There are different types of organizational structures that companies follow, depending on a variety of factors like leadership style, type of organization, geographical regions, work flow and hierarchy. […]

The management structure of American Express Company is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of its Consolidated Financial Statements, which have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, and include amounts based on the best judgment of management. The company’s management is also responsible for the accuracy and consistency of other financial information included in this annual report. […]

In their desire to perform effective program evaluation, organizations are free to choose between the two broad methodological categories: first, organizations can successfully utilize quantitative evaluation methods, which translate evaluation experience into transparent measurable elements that can be manipulated statistically (Anonymous, 2008a); second, qualitative evaluation approaches are expected to provide continuous feedback by means of interviews, field observation, or document review. Despite the benefits which […]

The paper below gives a view of one of the most persistent problems of Etisalat Telecommunications Company. The issue that is identified is conflict among the employees. The reasons of the conflict have been defined and the tools to overcome these conflicts have also been mentioned. Overview of Organization The organization that I have chosen as the discussion topic is Etisalat Telecommunications. Etisalat is a […]