China’s Trade Disputes Disputes over protection of Intellectual Property Complainant: United States Respondent: China Before China Joined the GATE (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) in 1986, it was a planned economy. What that does mean? It means that the government was in charge of the production, investment and prices. In other words, the government was in charge of running the economy. By that time, […]

Period II: The Golden Sixties, 1958 to 19695 Ayub Khan, the first military dictator of Pakistan, assumed complete control of the state in October 1958 and reigned over the golden period of Pakistan’s economic history. With the help of Harvard advisors, Khan vigorously implemented the Planning Commission on Economic Management and Reforms with impressive results. 6 GDP growth in this decade jumped to an average annual […]

In his article “A Theory of Trade Secrets in Firms,” Jan Zabojnik (2002) argues that “each manager has access to trade secrets (p. 831)” which correspond to his respective position in the organization and those in the lower hierarchy of the office. It is important for the manager to have access to these trade secrets as it enables them to “formulate the needed business plans […]

Trade liberalization seems to have increased growth and income through lower price, advanced inputs, technology sharing and access to various infrastructures. However, these gains have been appeared as inverse in case of low-income countries. Great thinkers like Milton Friedman, Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Heckscher- Ohlin and others advocate for free trade. Such great thinkers claim that all those who are involved in trade gets benefited. […]

In the given case, the Federal Trade Commission claimed that Texas Surgeons Independent Practice Association(IPA) of 26 general surgeons in the Austin, Texas and six competing medical practice groups who are the members of this association (the respondents), Texas Surgeons P. A. (“Texas Surgeons”), Austin Surgeons, P. L. L. C. (“AS”), Austin Surgical Clinic Association, P. A. (“ASCA”), Bruce McDonald & Associates, P. L. L. […]

The American government has engaged in the process of creating and enforcing legislation as the course of action for everyone to follow when dealing with labor issues and the workforce. In my research, I found several pieces of legislation such as the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, and the Federal Trade Commission Act, the Clayton Act (Federal Trade Commission, n.d.), and per text the Wagner […]

This paper seeks to provide comments on disclosure or other aspects on the article entitled “Global accounting rules could reveal trade secrets” by Cole (2008). The article discusses about the possible revelation of trade secrets which is due to the fear for vague standards under the international financial reporting standards (IFRS) that may require too much disclosure as a result. The IFRS will replace the […]

Introduction The Atlantic slave trade (AST) was a trade in human slaves that took place across the Atlantic Ocean from the 16th and on through the 19th century. It was a trade predominantly in African slaves from mainly the central and western regions of the continent, who were sold by African slave merchants and tribal leaders to European slave traders (Stearns 2001). The slaves were […]

Foreign Trade of China K. C. Fung University of California, Santa Cruz Hitomi Iizaka University of California, Santa Cruz Sarah Tong University of Hong Kong June 2002 Paper prepared for an international conference on “China’s Economy in the 21st Century”, to be held on June 24-25, 2002, Hong Kong. We would like to thank Alan Siu and Richard Wong for their encouragement. 1. Introduction On […]

In this paper, I base this model on the gravity model of international trade as Smith (1999, 2000, and 2002) and Rafiquzzaman (2002). The gravity trade model states that the amount of trade between two countries can be evaluated on their country-level characteristics (Anderson, J. E. , 1979). The basic gravity model can be derived as below: Xijk = ? 0i (Qj/Nj) ? 1i (Nj) […]