Comparison Between Directed and Reported Speech

DIRECT SPEECH VS. REPORTED SPEECH
There are two ways to report what someone says or thinks:

The direct speech shows a person’s exact words. Quotation marks (“. . . ”) are a sign that the words are the same words that a person used. For example Madison: What do you want to eat for lunch? Jason: I think I will have a hamburger. Direct speech: Maria asked, “What do you want to eat for lunch? ” Jason replied, “I think I will have a hamburger.
Reported speech (Indirect speech) puts the speaker’s words or ideas into a sentence without quotation marks. Noun clauses are usually used. For example Madison: What do you want to eat for lunch? Jason: I think I will have a hamburger. Reported speech: Madison asked Jason What he wanted for lunch. Jason said that he was thinking of having a hamburger for lunch.

COMPARISON BETWEEN DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Simple present past presents perfect will can | simple past perfect would. Quotation Reported speech “I am hungry. ” She stated that she was hungry. “The exam will be next week. ” Dr. Jones said the exam will be next week
QUESTIONS IN REPORTED SPEECH

a. Word order: The word order in a reported question is the same as in a statement. The subject comes before the verb.
b. Punctuation: If the sentence is a statement, it ends with a period even if it contains a reported question.
c. To change a yes/no question to a noun clause in reported speech, introduce the noun clause with if or whether. Whether or not may also be used.
d. To change an information question to a noun clause in reported speech, begin the noun clause with the question word

REPORTED SPEECH
Question: Are you ready? Statement: I am ready. “Did you turn off the coffee pot?”, “Is supper ready? ”, “Where do they live? ”. “When did you call? ”. She wanted to know if I was ready. I asked Amy if she had turned off the coffee. Eli wanted to know whether supper was ready. Abdul wanted to know where they live. Sharon asked me when I had called.
PRONOUNS
Since the person who is reporting what someone said is usually different from the person who made the original statement, pronouns in reported speech often change.
DIRECT SPEECH| REPORTED SPEECH
“I am hungry”. “Where will you be?” George said he was hungry. Bill wanted to know where I would be.  Changes in place and time words depend on changes in the situation between direct, “I don’t like this book. ” “I’ll see you tomorrow. ” (spoken on Thursday), Jaime said he didn’t like that book. * Michiko said she would see me today. (spoken on Friday) Michiko said she would see me yesterday. (spoken on Saturday)
INFINITIVES 
Infinitives (to + the simple form of the verb) may sometimes be used instead of noun clauses. Commands can be reported in two ways:

a noun clause with a modal (usually should)
an infinitiveAction: “Will you carry the box for me? ”

DIRECT SPEECH
“You should arrive early”, “Don’t wait to apply”. Jason recommended that we arrive early. Anna recommended that I not wait to apply.