Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a recessive genetic disorder that causes malfunction of cilia. Cilia are found on cells in almost every organ of the human body, and the malfunction of cilia is involved in several human disorders. During embryological development, for example, cilia generate a leftward flow of fluid that initiates the life-right organization of the body organs. Some individuals with PCD (see Module 4.18 checkpoint question) exhibit situs inversus, in which internal organs such as the heart are on the wrong side of the body. Discuss why this reversed arrangement may be a symptom of PCD and what else cna result from the malfunctioning of cilia in PCD.
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