Fill in the blanks 1. Fatimid Civilization a. The Fatimid dynasty ruled , Sicily, and parts of the Middle East.

Fill in the blanks1.    Fatimid Civilizationa.    The Fatimid dynasty ruled , Sicily, and parts of the Middle East.b.    The Shi’ite Fatimids established a(n)  in their new capital, , to rival those of Baghdad and Córdoba.c.    The , who live in modern Lebanon and Syria, originated as a splinter group that believed one of the Fatimid caliphs was the last incarnation of God.d.    The Fatimid Empire weakened in the 12th century and was conquered by . 2.    Saljug Civilizationa.    The Saljuqs (also known as Seljuks or Saljuks) were the earliest significant Islamic rulers from  peoples. They extended their rule from Transoxiana to the Iranian Plateau, Mesopotamia, much of the Near East, and Asia Minor during the  century.b.    The vizier  ruled the Saljuk Empire through two sultans, building roads, caravanserais, canals, mosques, and madrasas.c.    In the 12th century, the Saljuk Empire lost territory in Anatolia to the Empire, and was destroyed in the year  by the Khwarizm-Shahs.3.    Ilkhanid Civilizationa.    The Mongols conquered Persia and Mesopotamia in the  century, and they ruled this territory through , or viceroys of the Great Khan of China.b.    Ibn al-Athir describes the  invaders of Muslim lands as a dire calamity.c.    A grandson of Genghis, , conquered territory stretching to the Mediterranean, but was slowed by rivalry with Berke, khan of the Golden Horde. Partly due to the influence of his wife and other  and Buddhists, his forces spared the Christians of conquered lands.4.    Timurid and Turkoman Civilizationsa.    Between 1379 and 1402,  led nomadic steppe peoples in conquest and destruction of large portions of the Middle East, the Caucasus, Central Asia, Eastern Europe, northern India, and Anatolia.b.    The first Timurid capital at  was the site of many elegant construction projects.c.    The fourth son of Timur, , ruled a united Iran and sponsored arts, religion, and economic development. d.    The  Empire shared control of Iran with the Timurids, another Sunni dynasty.5.    Olmec Civilizationa.    The Olmec civilization thrived in the southern portion of what is now .b.    Archaeological evidence of Olmec goods in many parts of Mesoamerica, along with the use of jade and obsidian, are evidence of early .c.    The first major Olmec center was ; as it declined,  grew in importance.6.    Mayan Civilizationa.    The Mayan civilization developed in the rain forests of the  Peninsula.b.    Mayan civilization was composed of multiple  that competed with one another for dominance.c.    The  dynasty ruled Tikal for centuries before it declined and , a city far to the north, rose to prominence in the ninth century. 7.    Teotihuacán Civilization a.    Teotihuacán, located a short distance northeast of modern , was a major city-state for several centuries.b.    Teotihuacán’s economy and urban society thrived due to  quarrying, manufacture, trade, and intensive agriculture made possible by .c.    The power of Teotihuacán’s civilization declined between the sixth and eighth centuries because of . 8.    Toltec Civilizationa.    Tula, the Toltec capital, was near a(n)  quarry and the  edge of Mesoamerica.b.    Toltec civilization flourished in the  century and  century before quickly declining.c.    The Toltec king  fled from Tula to . 9.    Aztec Civilizationa.    The Aztec capital,  on Lake  in the Valley of , was home to hundreds of thousands of people at its height.b.    Aztec wealth was based on taking goods from .c.    After conquering another group, Aztecs would take prisoners for  and entrust the rule of the area to the .d.    The Aztec civilization was ended by  conquistadors and local subject peoples who resented paying tribute and providing  for the Aztecs. 10. Nazca Civilizationa.    The Nazca or Nasca civilization thrived in the valleys of Peru’s  coast until about 700 CE.b.    Agriculture enabled by irrigation water from  allowed the Nazca civilization to flourish.c.    Archaeological evidence indicates that the Nazca capital of  was used primarily for religious . 11. Moche Civilizationa.    The Moche civilization thrived along about  miles of the northern Peruvian coast.b.    Moche civilization was likely divided: a northern realm was ruled from  in the Lambayeque valley, while a southern realm was ruled from the  valley settlements near Cerro Blanco.c.    Evidence that subject peoples paid tribute to the Moche lords through their labor are the marks on the bricks that make up , the largest adobe structure in the Americas. 12. Inca Civilizationa.    Inca emperors ruled one of the world’s largest states, called , which was home to millions of people.b.    Inca rulers expanded and ruled their empire through  taxation, alliances, providing lavish entertainments, and employing people in state service.c.    According to Inca tradition, Inca Yupanqui defended  against a rebellion by the Chanca people, founded the empire, and took the name .d.    The Inca Empire fell to conquistadors led by . Part II: Cultural ContributionsComplete the following matrix with at least one element for each category.