GEL 111- CHAPTER 14 – Shorelines and Beach Processes

1. When the sun and moon are aligned so their gravitational forces are added together, this effect causes _____________________________ tides.
1. spring
2. neap
3. full
4. annual

1. The vertical distance between a wave crest and trough is called the _________________________________.
1. wave length
2. wave height 
3. wave period 
4. wave frequency

1. Waves in deep water move water particles in a circular path and are called ____________________ waves. 
1. translation 
2. ocsillation

1. The _______________________ zone contains turbulent water from breaking waves.
1. breaker 
2. wave  
3. surf 
4. crashing

1. As a wave enters shallow water the waves will begin to bend and flow parallel to the shore.  The bending of a wave is called wave ________________________.
1. wave bending 
2. wave reflection  
3. wave refraction 
4. none of the above

1. Currents that move sediment roughly parallel to the shoreline are called ___________________________________________. 
1. longshore current 
2. beach drift 
3. parallel flow 
4. none of the above

1. When sea arches collapse, they can leave behind a knob of rock called a _________________________________.
1. sea stack 
2. sea arch 
3. sea cave 
4. headland

1. A _________________________________ forms when a sandbar completely seals a bay off from the open ocean.
1. spit
2. baymouth bar
3. closer bar 
4. none of the above

1. In what direction does a spit typically grow with time?

a.    toward a promontory

b.    in the same direction as a longshore current

c.    in the direction from which waves are approaching the coast

d.    toward a wave-cut platform

1. A wall built perpendicular to shore for the purpose of trapping sand is called a _______________.
1. jetty
2. groin 
3. breakwater 
4. seawall

1.  Walls built perpendicular to the beach in pairs at the entrances to inlets and extending slightly out into the ocean to keep the inlet open are called ___________________________.
1. jetty
2. groin 
3. breakwater 
4. seawall

1. A wall built parallel to the beach, on the beach to prevent waves from eroding the shore areas behind it is called _________________. 
1. jetty 
2. groin 
3. breakwater
4. seawall

1. A wall built parallel to the beach within the open water to create a quiet harbor behind the wall is called a ________________________.
1. jetty 
2. groin
3. breakwater 
4. seawall

1. The process of _______________________________________ adds sand to beaches, but may not last long and is very expensive.        

a.    Hard stabilization

b.    Beach removal

c.    Beach nourishment

d.    Groin construction

e.    None of the above

1. Which of the following does NOT affect the potential hazards of a shoreline?

a.    elevation of the land surface near the shore

b.    the source of beach sand

c.    width of a beach

d.    the presence of offshore islands and sand bars

1. A _______________________ is a local rise in the level of the sea during a hurricane or other storm. 
1. tide 
2. global sea level rise
3. storm surge 
4. none of the above

1. Which of the following most likely indicates a submergent coastline?

a.    offshore sand bars that have become coastal dunes

b.    the presence of coral reefs on land

c.    wave-cut notches and platforms that are above sea level

d.    an irregular coastline with branching estuaries and embayments

1. _____________________________ coastlines occur when there is relative drop in sea level or uplift of land.

a.    Submergent

b.    Emergent

1. Which of the following would cause sea level to rise?

1. a decrease in the amount of glaciers on land
2. faster rates of seafloor spreading
3. a rise in the temperature of the oceans
4. all of the choices

1. How much has sea level risen in the past?

1. more than 120 meters
2. more than 200 meters
3. more than 2,000 meters
4. less than 120 meters