-In 2010, the Affordable Care Act was signed into legislation as federal health reform. It was immediately challenged in federal courts following its passage.

What was the constitutional basis of the historic multistate challenge to the Affordable Care Act that was granted certiorari by the Supreme Court? What role did the rule of Joint and Several Liability play?

-The Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) was legally enacted to prevent hospitals from refusing care for those that cannot pay. This law applies when an individual believe he or she has an emergency condition and requests treatment for the emergency.

How does EMTALA embrace the ethical principles of justice and autonomy, and how might it hinder quality care for a patient

-Read the following scenario:

Memorial Hospital, a hospital in Bordertown, Iowa, has an agreement with Careco, a managed care organization with plan members in the states of Iowa, Nebraska, and South Dakota, to provide medical care to its members. A condition of Memorial’s agreement with Careco states that Careco cannot contract with other hospitals in the Bordertown, Iowa area. The contract is for one year, and either party may terminate the contract for any reason (with a 60-day notice period).

Discuss any possible antitrust laws that Memorial may have violated by initiating this agreement with Careco. Mention concerns specific to healthcare, that is, concerns not shared by other industries. Also, discuss any defenses that Memorial can establish for an antitrust action.

Click here to refer to Antitrust Review to strengthen your points in the response and conduct further research of the topics.