The Savings and Loan (S&L) industry had an extremely difficult time during the 1980s, as interest rate levels reached new highs.    The following problem illustrates the nature of these difficulties.                Assume an S&L’s balance sheet is as follows. While this balance sheet is obviously over-simplified, it represents an approximation    of the financial condition of many S&Ls. All values represent market values.                                       Assets: Liabilities and Equity:                     Mortgage Loans    $1,000,000   Deposits    $1,300,000           Other Assets    600,000   Equity    300,000           Total Assets    $1,600,000   Total L&E  $1,600,000                                     a. Assume the mortgage loan portfolio consists of 30-year, fixed-rate mortgages with an average interest rate of 5% per year.    The present value of these mortgages (their principal) is currently $1,000,000.                                      b. Find the monthly payment for this mortgage loan portfolio, using Excel’s PMT function. (HINT: Set PV = outstanding principal,    NPER = the life of the mortgages (in months), and RATE = the average interest rate (per month) for the mortgage loan portfolio.)                             c. Use your answer to part (iii) to determine the new market value of the mortgage loan portfolio, assuming that the market rate of    interest rises to 9% per year. (HINT: Use Excel to find the PV of this portfolio, defining NPER as above, RATE = 9% per year    divided by 12, and PMT = the value you obtained in part iii) In the 1980s, actual market rates of interest rose by much more than    this, with mortgage rates in the range of 12% or more uncommon.                                          d. Calculate the decline in market value of the mortgage loan portfolio that occurred by comparing your answer in part (iv) to the    value of the portfolio as revealed in the balance sheet above.                                         e. Compare this decline in market value to the amount of equity on the S&L’s balance sheet. Is the institution now insolvent? Explain.